With outstanding comprehensive performance at high temperature, Nickel-based single crystal superalloy is the preferred material for aero-engine turbine blades, vanes and other components to withstand challenging service environment subjected to high temperature and intense stress. At present, various complex cooling structures are often used in the design of high-efficiency cooling blades to enhance blade temperature tolerance, among which the micro-cooling structure represented by lamilloy and double wall cooling are the main trend. However, the existence of ultra-thin wall structures in these complex turbine blades has become critical aspect and challenge in blade manufacturing. This paper provided an overview of the development trends in thin-walled structure of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys, analyzed the defects arising from thin-walled constrained space and the law of dendrite growth, elaborated the influence of thin-walled structure on mechanical properties and provided a prospect on advanced turbine blades preparation and development trend of its microstructure regulation.