Tungsten and it’s alloys not only have the advantages of high melting point, high density and excellent resistance to plasma sputtering erosion, but also have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties in the high-temperature service environment, which is the indispensable key of material for aerospace, weapons and equipment, nuclear engineering and so on. However, tungsten alloy faces the problem of large scale and uneven distribution of strengthening phase in the extreme high temperature service environment that resulting in insufficient high temperature strength and toughness. In order to solve the above problems, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out research on the strength and toughness of tungsten alloy, and improved the mechanical properties of tungsten alloy by adjusting the material composition and microstructure. In this paper, the structure control and toughening mechanism of tungsten alloy are discussed from three aspects: deformation strengthening, solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening, and the future development trend and unsolved problems of tungsten alloy are prospected.