Dispersion strengthening plays an important role in improving the properties of alloys. The stability of carbide and oxide ceramics, as commonly used dispersion-reinforced particles, is important for alloys applied in nuclear reactors serving in harsh environments, so it is of great significance to study the radiation resistance of SiC, TiC, ZrC, Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃ and ZrO₂. The effects of different energies and different types of incident ions on different materials were simulated by SRIM program, and the irradiation damage of zirconia at different irradiation doses was analyzed. Results show that with the increase in incident ion energy, the distribution of the incident ions in the target material tends to be uniform and normal, and the stop position of the incident ions and the damage depth of the target material increase. The damage to the target material is different under different types of incident ion, which is not conducive to the radiation resistance comparison of the materials. Under the same irradiation conditions, the distribution of incident ions is consistent regardless of the increase in irradiation dose, but irradiation damage is accumulated until saturation. Among these six substances, zirconium oxide and zirconium carbide have better radiation resistance. The irradiation properties of zirconium oxide were verified by carbon ion irradiation experiments for tungsten alloy reinforced by zirconium oxide at 700 °C.