Shape memory alloys (SMA) possess both the shape memory effect and superelasticity. This material plays a significant role in the aviation field, and it is crucial to understand its types, mechanisms, preparation, and processing techniques. This review focused on the research progress of SMA in aviation applications. Considering the material characteristics of SMA, its application research in aviation fields was analyzed, such as pipe joints, deformable wings, air intake fairings, and intelligent noise reduction nozzles. The research findings indicate that as aviation manufacturing technology advances, the application of SMA is expected to evolve towards high temperature resistance, lightweightness, and intelligence.