Ni-based single crystal superalloys have excellent comprehensive properties at high temperature, and are widely used in hot-end components such as blades of aero-engines and gas turbines. Fatigue failure is one of the main failure modes of blades in service. Based on the research status of fatigue behavior of Ni-based single crystal superalloys, the fatigue damage mechanism of Ni-based single crystal superalloys is reviewd in this paper. The effects of crystal orientation, temperature and loading mode on fatigue behavior are discussed, and the methods to optimize the fatigue life of Ni-based single crystal superalloys, such as optimizing composition, heat treatment and surface treatment, are introduced. Finally, the application of some advanced testing techniques, such as in-situ testing, in the study of fatigue behavior of Ni-based single crystal superalloys is proposed, and the development trend of fatigue behavior research of Ni-based single crystal superalloys is prospected.