Lamellar metallic materials comprising lamella units with different mechanical properties can form a unique lamellar heterostructured material. The heterostructures could induce various strength-ductility synergetic mechanisms due to the action of multi-type and multi-scale heterogeneity. Multiple lamellar morphologies have emerged with the diversification of material preparation means and processing treatments, and thus new requirements and design criteria have been derived for optimizing the lamellar microstructure. Optimizing the microstructural lamellar design and exploring the relation between mechanical behavior and micro/nano-lamellar structures will not only contribute to establishing the design theory about laminated metallic materials, but also accelerate its practical application. In this paper, the research progress on laminated metallic materials in recent years was reviewed. Classification of metallic lamellar structures, their mechanical properties and strength-ductility mechanisms were introduced and discussed in detail. Finally, perspectives on the future research trends and challenges of lamellar structures were briefly stated.