Regional microstructure characteristic always appears in shear-compression deformed GH4169 superalloy, which is detrimental to subsequent cold-rolling process in engineering. Recrystallization annealing treatments within temperature range of 1000?1080 °C and holding time range of 1?3 h were carried out to investigate the microstructure evolution behavior, and the cold-forming property of GH4169 superalloy was optimized by regulating the grain size. Results show that static recrystallization (SRX) grains are fully nucleated at 1000 °C and the original coarse grains are completely replaced by fine recrystallized grains. Bulges of high angle grain boundaries are the preferred nucleation points of SRX. At 1020?1060 °C, grain annexation takes place among adjacent SRX grains, causing partial grains to increase, while the original dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains keeps tiny in the strain con-centration region. Recrystallized grains (both SRX and DRX) uniformly grow up, with an average grain size of 87.89 μm at 1080 °C, at which the regional characteristic completely disappears, and the microstructure is significantly homogenized. Step twins appear at 1080 °C due to the SRX growth accidents, and the length fraction of twin boundaries (Σ3) reaches 35.8%, which can effectively improve the high temperature resistance of GH4169 superalloy. Ultimately, the optimal recrystallization annealing of shear-compression deformed GH4169 superalloy is determined as 1080 °C-1 h, followed by water cooling.