ZTA-TiC-Fe cermet composite materials were prepared by high gravity combustion synthesis technology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Variable temperature X-ray diffraction were used to study the phase composition, microstructure and microstructure evolution of the cermet during heating and cooling process. The results show that ZTA-TiC-Fe cermet can be fabricated directly by high gravity combustion synthesis melting-casting method; The ZTA eutectic ceramics formed by t-ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ with a three-dimensional network structure, and TiC-coated Fe are filled in the three-dimensional ZTA ceramics skeleton. The inefficacy mechanism of ZTA-TiC-Fe: the phase transformation of Fe and ZrO₂ occurs at about 750℃; The volume changing of phase transformation of Fe and ZrO₂ during heating and cooling and the internal stress release caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of each component lead to the thermal expansion of the ZTA-TiC-Fe cermet. In the aerobic environment, the oxidation rate of Fe phase in the surface layer increases when the temperature exceeds 550℃, resulting in porous red-brown Fe₂O₃. The oxidation of Fe phase produces about 8 times volume expansion, resulting in the irreversible rupture of three-dimensional ceramic skeleton.