In this paper, MnO/carbon (MnO/C) composite was successfully synthesized by a facile biotemplating method combine with chemical bath deposition (CBD) method followed by calcination treatment. The natural pomelo peel and potassium permanganate were used as the biotemplate and potassium permanganate source. The phase composition, morphology and microstructure were investigated by XRD, TG-DTA, Raman, SEM and TEM, respectively. The result indicates that the pomelo peel was transformed to in-situ carbon matrix with a quality content of 30%, and MnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed onto the carbon matrix. The MnO/C composite presents excellent lithium-storage property, which exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 644 mAh/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 3 A/g, a remarkable reversible capacity of 430 mAh/g could still be maintained.