Volume 0,Issue 2,2002 Table of Contents
1 Influence of Thermal Cycling on Double Reversible Transformations in CuZnAlMnNi Shape Memory Alloy
2002(2).
Abstract:
通过差示扫描量热技术 ,研究了热循环对 Cu- 2 3.6 Zn- 4 .4 7Al- 0 .2 3Mn- 0 .17Ni形状记忆合金中双可逆相变的影响。结果表明 ,X→ M转变温度随热循环的进行而降低 ,而马氏体逆转变的温度几乎不发生变化。
通过差示扫描量热技术 ,研究了热循环对 Cu- 2 3.6 Zn- 4 .4 7Al- 0 .2 3Mn- 0 .17Ni形状记忆合金中双可逆相变的影响。结果表明 ,X→ M转变温度随热循环的进行而降低 ,而马氏体逆转变的温度几乎不发生变化。
2002(2):81-83.
Abstract:
Mechanism underlying the formation of dislocation is expounded on Thomas Fermi Dirac Cheng(TFDC) electron theory. The criterion condition on the limit size of dislocation is raised, and the calculated results of the limit sizes of a set of elements are given.
Mechanism underlying the formation of dislocation is expounded on Thomas Fermi Dirac Cheng(TFDC) electron theory. The criterion condition on the limit size of dislocation is raised, and the calculated results of the limit sizes of a set of elements are given.
2002(2):84-88.
Abstract:
研究了β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能影响，Ti40合金高温长期作用后，从β相中析出Ti5Si3相和α相，采用常规锻造工艺不高于540℃热暴露100h,Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，降低合金热稳定性能，700℃热暴露100h，Ti5Si3相明显，大大降低合金热稳定性能，合金呈脆性沿晶界断裂，采用等温锻造工艺540℃热暴露100h，晶内析出粗大的Ti5Si3相和α相，热稳定性能严重降低，呈宏观脆性断裂，采用常规锻造工艺合适的热处理制度，540℃，100h,250MPa蠕变作用后Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，合金有较好的蠕变性能，若热处理工艺不当，合金中有大量粗大的棒状Ti5Si3相和α相析出，Ti5Si3 相沿晶界连续分布，合金的蠕变抗力明显降低，采用等温锻造工艺蠕变作用后，合金中析出大量粗大的α相，合金蠕变抗力也明显降低。
研究了β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能影响，Ti40合金高温长期作用后，从β相中析出Ti5Si3相和α相，采用常规锻造工艺不高于540℃热暴露100h,Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，降低合金热稳定性能，700℃热暴露100h，Ti5Si3相明显，大大降低合金热稳定性能，合金呈脆性沿晶界断裂，采用等温锻造工艺540℃热暴露100h，晶内析出粗大的Ti5Si3相和α相，热稳定性能严重降低，呈宏观脆性断裂，采用常规锻造工艺合适的热处理制度，540℃，100h,250MPa蠕变作用后Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，合金有较好的蠕变性能，若热处理工艺不当，合金中有大量粗大的棒状Ti5Si3相和α相析出，Ti5Si3 相沿晶界连续分布，合金的蠕变抗力明显降低，采用等温锻造工艺蠕变作用后，合金中析出大量粗大的α相，合金蠕变抗力也明显降低。
2002(2):92-95.
Abstract:
The GHM(Golla Hughes McTavish) model of ZN 1 Viscoelastic Material is combined with finite element method (FEM), which is the most frequently used method in Engineering. It can approach time consuming iteration in solving model parameters and responses by introducing dissipation coordinates . The parameters of GHM model are determined by nonlinear curve fitting in complex frequency domain. This is converted into nonlinear optimization problem with constrained condition. The results show that the method proposed in the present paper to determine the parameters of GHM model is correct, simple and effective to employ GHM model to perform dynamic analysis.
The GHM(Golla Hughes McTavish) model of ZN 1 Viscoelastic Material is combined with finite element method (FEM), which is the most frequently used method in Engineering. It can approach time consuming iteration in solving model parameters and responses by introducing dissipation coordinates . The parameters of GHM model are determined by nonlinear curve fitting in complex frequency domain. This is converted into nonlinear optimization problem with constrained condition. The results show that the method proposed in the present paper to determine the parameters of GHM model is correct, simple and effective to employ GHM model to perform dynamic analysis.
2002(2):96-98.
Abstract:
Author has solved the sputtering transport equation and obtained a new general solution from the power law cross section. This solution also provided a new evidence to SC solutions proposed by author recently. In addition, author further analyzed the new transport theory published by Vicaned et al. A lot of calculations have been done to demonstrate that the agreement between Vicaned's theory and Monte Carlo computer simulation is not true.
Author has solved the sputtering transport equation and obtained a new general solution from the power law cross section. This solution also provided a new evidence to SC solutions proposed by author recently. In addition, author further analyzed the new transport theory published by Vicaned et al. A lot of calculations have been done to demonstrate that the agreement between Vicaned's theory and Monte Carlo computer simulation is not true.
2002(2):99-102.
Abstract:
采用连续波2kW YAG激光器在6061铝合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM／EDX），X射线衍射仪等分析检测设备研究熔覆层的组织形貌，化学成分及相组成，利用超超波感应空泡腐蚀设备对熔覆层在3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空泡腐蚀性能进行了系统评价，从而总结出激光熔覆层及基材的空泡腐蚀机制。
采用连续波2kW YAG激光器在6061铝合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM／EDX），X射线衍射仪等分析检测设备研究熔覆层的组织形貌，化学成分及相组成，利用超超波感应空泡腐蚀设备对熔覆层在3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空泡腐蚀性能进行了系统评价，从而总结出激光熔覆层及基材的空泡腐蚀机制。
2002(2):103-105.
Abstract:
Based upon the mechanism of conventional rapid form, the thin wall parts of 316L stainless steel were obtained through the laser melting of metallic powders which were delivered coaxially and then deposited on the substrate layer by layer. The obtained microstructure is fully dense and evenly distributed with the characteristic of rapid solidified microstructure. The mechanical properties are equivalent to that of casting and wrought annealed materials, suitable to the requirement for real usage.
Based upon the mechanism of conventional rapid form, the thin wall parts of 316L stainless steel were obtained through the laser melting of metallic powders which were delivered coaxially and then deposited on the substrate layer by layer. The obtained microstructure is fully dense and evenly distributed with the characteristic of rapid solidified microstructure. The mechanical properties are equivalent to that of casting and wrought annealed materials, suitable to the requirement for real usage.
2002(2):106-109.
Abstract:
研究了先用Murakami剂浸蚀WC相，再用（H2O2＋H2SO4）酸混合液除去o相的2步法浸蚀YG6硬质合金基体表面预处理的过程，并在浸蚀过的硬质合金基体上，用热丝法沉积了金刚石薄膜，结果表明：2步浸蚀法可在基体表面深度为6μm-12μm的范围内，使Co含量从6％降低到0．54％－3．22％，并使硬质合金基体的表面粗糙度增加到Ra=1.0μm，但会导致硬质合金基体表面的硬度从89．9HRA降低至88．1HRA，在该硬质合金基体沉积金刚石薄膜之后，发现金刚石薄膜试样的组织结构具有明显的｛111｝面取向，金刚石涂层与硬质合金基体具有较高的粘结强度。
研究了先用Murakami剂浸蚀WC相，再用（H2O2＋H2SO4）酸混合液除去o相的2步法浸蚀YG6硬质合金基体表面预处理的过程，并在浸蚀过的硬质合金基体上，用热丝法沉积了金刚石薄膜，结果表明：2步浸蚀法可在基体表面深度为6μm-12μm的范围内，使Co含量从6％降低到0．54％－3．22％，并使硬质合金基体的表面粗糙度增加到Ra=1.0μm，但会导致硬质合金基体表面的硬度从89．9HRA降低至88．1HRA，在该硬质合金基体沉积金刚石薄膜之后，发现金刚石薄膜试样的组织结构具有明显的｛111｝面取向，金刚石涂层与硬质合金基体具有较高的粘结强度。
9 Structure and Properties of Bioactive Titania Layer by Microarc Oxidization-Hydrothermal Synthesis
2002(2):115-117.
Abstract:
The titania layer containing calcium and phosphate on titanium alloy substrate was formed by microarc oxidization and converted to the bioactive titania layer containing hydroxyapatite by subsequent hydrothermal synthesis. The porous bioactive layer has a high bonding strength. So, this technique is very suitable for the bioactive surface modification of titanium alloy implants.
The titania layer containing calcium and phosphate on titanium alloy substrate was formed by microarc oxidization and converted to the bioactive titania layer containing hydroxyapatite by subsequent hydrothermal synthesis. The porous bioactive layer has a high bonding strength. So, this technique is very suitable for the bioactive surface modification of titanium alloy implants.
2002(2):118-121.
Abstract:
通过对两元 p-型梯度热电材料 Fe Si2 / Bi2 Te3界面温度的建模计算与实验验证 ,在固定热冷端温区内积分得出的 Z- ΔT值与界面温度 Ti 的关系曲线为 :Z- ΔT =0 .6 72 +11.7× 10 - 4Ti - 1.31× 10 - 6 T2i - 3.4 9× 10 - 9T3i该关系可用来表征两元梯度结构的热电性能。从拟合曲线上得出该梯度结构的最佳界面温度为 2 2 0℃～ 2 30℃ ,这与实验测出两单段材料 (Fe Si2 ,Bi2 Te3)长度比为 10∶ 1左右时所形成的界面温度较为接近。通过测试不同长度比的材料输出功率 ,也发现 10∶ 1梯度材料的最大输出功率较大 ,是相同温差下单段 β- Fe Si2 材料的 2倍～ 2 .6倍。
通过对两元 p-型梯度热电材料 Fe Si2 / Bi2 Te3界面温度的建模计算与实验验证 ,在固定热冷端温区内积分得出的 Z- ΔT值与界面温度 Ti 的关系曲线为 :Z- ΔT =0 .6 72 +11.7× 10 - 4Ti - 1.31× 10 - 6 T2i - 3.4 9× 10 - 9T3i该关系可用来表征两元梯度结构的热电性能。从拟合曲线上得出该梯度结构的最佳界面温度为 2 2 0℃～ 2 30℃ ,这与实验测出两单段材料 (Fe Si2 ,Bi2 Te3)长度比为 10∶ 1左右时所形成的界面温度较为接近。通过测试不同长度比的材料输出功率 ,也发现 10∶ 1梯度材料的最大输出功率较大 ,是相同温差下单段 β- Fe Si2 材料的 2倍～ 2 .6倍。
2002(2):122-124.
Abstract:
Nanostructured AgSnO 2 powders were prepared by high energy ball milling. After hot press sintering, the nanostructured AgSnO 2 contact materials were obtained. Compared with the AgSnO 2In 2O 3 prepared by internal oxidation with clustered at crystal boundary, the nonostructured AgSnO 2 Composite bulk has the microstructure with nano scaled SnO 2 particles dispersed on the silver matrix.
Nanostructured AgSnO 2 powders were prepared by high energy ball milling. After hot press sintering, the nanostructured AgSnO 2 contact materials were obtained. Compared with the AgSnO 2In 2O 3 prepared by internal oxidation with clustered at crystal boundary, the nonostructured AgSnO 2 Composite bulk has the microstructure with nano scaled SnO 2 particles dispersed on the silver matrix.
2002(2):125-128.
Abstract:
采用X射线分析方法的一种线对法研究了LaNi4.75Al0.25合金及氢化物的晶胞参数及其随氢含量的变化规律，并将实验结果与La-Ni-Al系列的文献值进行比较，实验结果表明：在LaNi4.75Al0.25吸氢发生的相转变，即α→α＋β→β过程中，β相的晶胞参数比α相的参数大，并且α相与β相的晶胞参数在压力－组成－温度曲线（P－C－T）的平台段几乎不变，当LaNi4.75Al0.25完全变成氢化物时，β相的晶胞参数又会略有增大，LaNi4.75aL0.25H5.6的晶胞体与未吸氢时相比增大了22．05％。
采用X射线分析方法的一种线对法研究了LaNi4.75Al0.25合金及氢化物的晶胞参数及其随氢含量的变化规律，并将实验结果与La-Ni-Al系列的文献值进行比较，实验结果表明：在LaNi4.75Al0.25吸氢发生的相转变，即α→α＋β→β过程中，β相的晶胞参数比α相的参数大，并且α相与β相的晶胞参数在压力－组成－温度曲线（P－C－T）的平台段几乎不变，当LaNi4.75Al0.25完全变成氢化物时，β相的晶胞参数又会略有增大，LaNi4.75aL0.25H5.6的晶胞体与未吸氢时相比增大了22．05％。
2002(2):129-134.
Abstract:
讨论了定向凝固法制备YBCO超导体涉及的包晶转变与包晶反应，成分过冷，扩散控制生长模型，界面效应及定向凝固YBCO生长晶体学等问题。
讨论了定向凝固法制备YBCO超导体涉及的包晶转变与包晶反应，成分过冷，扩散控制生长模型，界面效应及定向凝固YBCO生长晶体学等问题。
2002(2):135-139.
Abstract:
The creep behavior of Ti alloys is complicated and can usually be divided into low temperature creep, grain boundary slip creep, diffusion creep and dislocation creep, so on. Some important factors, such as temperature, time and microstructure, influence the creep property of Ti alloys due to the different creep types. This paper reviews the effects of creep parameters, microstructure, and Si element on the dislocation creep behavior of Ti alloys, and the possible mechanism of improving the creep resistant of alloys are also discussed.
The creep behavior of Ti alloys is complicated and can usually be divided into low temperature creep, grain boundary slip creep, diffusion creep and dislocation creep, so on. Some important factors, such as temperature, time and microstructure, influence the creep property of Ti alloys due to the different creep types. This paper reviews the effects of creep parameters, microstructure, and Si element on the dislocation creep behavior of Ti alloys, and the possible mechanism of improving the creep resistant of alloys are also discussed.
2002(2):140-143.
Abstract:
The properties of the La 2O 3 doped molybdenum powder have been studied. The La 2O 3 nanoparticles on the surface of molybdenum powder can decrease the intensity of loss peak of molybdenum matrix but increase the peak of Mo3d by the reduction of La(NO 3) 3 doped MoO 2 by hydrogen. The surface of molybdenum powder exposed to the atmosphere can be reduced because the surface is mainly covered by La 2O 3 nanoparticles around molybdenum powder, as a result, the capability of antioxidation of molybdenum can be improved.
The properties of the La 2O 3 doped molybdenum powder have been studied. The La 2O 3 nanoparticles on the surface of molybdenum powder can decrease the intensity of loss peak of molybdenum matrix but increase the peak of Mo3d by the reduction of La(NO 3) 3 doped MoO 2 by hydrogen. The surface of molybdenum powder exposed to the atmosphere can be reduced because the surface is mainly covered by La 2O 3 nanoparticles around molybdenum powder, as a result, the capability of antioxidation of molybdenum can be improved.
2002(2):144-147.
Abstract:
用粉末冶金热压方法制备了几种含不同稀土化合物（LaF3,CeO2,La2O3)的Ni-Cr基自润滑合金，测试了合金机构性能和高温摩擦磨损性能，研究结果表明，未添加稀土化合物的合金密度和弯强度最高，对添加稀土化合物的合金，以添加CeO2合金的密度，硬度和抗弯强度最高，添加稀土化合物均能降低合金的摩系数和磨损率，尤其是以添加La2O3合金的摩擦系数损率在各温度下都最低，X射线射分析结果表明，在合金中添加稀土化合物，增加了合金中镍基固溶体的晶面间距，尤其以添加La2O3合金中镍基固溶体的晶面间距最大，这和其摩擦系数最低的实验结果相一致。
用粉末冶金热压方法制备了几种含不同稀土化合物（LaF3,CeO2,La2O3)的Ni-Cr基自润滑合金，测试了合金机构性能和高温摩擦磨损性能，研究结果表明，未添加稀土化合物的合金密度和弯强度最高，对添加稀土化合物的合金，以添加CeO2合金的密度，硬度和抗弯强度最高，添加稀土化合物均能降低合金的摩系数和磨损率，尤其是以添加La2O3合金的摩擦系数损率在各温度下都最低，X射线射分析结果表明，在合金中添加稀土化合物，增加了合金中镍基固溶体的晶面间距，尤其以添加La2O3合金中镍基固溶体的晶面间距最大，这和其摩擦系数最低的实验结果相一致。
2002(2):148-151.
Abstract:
研究了在modified-ψ衍射几何条件下，铍材表层中存在不同应力梯度时的d-sin^2ψ曲线的形状，确定了铍材表层内的应力梯度对常规的X射线应力测试的影响，结果表明：在通常的sin^2ψ≤0．5的应力测试范围内，应力梯度对测试曲线有明显的影响，应力测试值因应力梯度的存在而偏离真实值，选择合适的靶材以减小X射线对铍材的穿透深度，可以减小应力测试的误差。
研究了在modified-ψ衍射几何条件下，铍材表层中存在不同应力梯度时的d-sin^2ψ曲线的形状，确定了铍材表层内的应力梯度对常规的X射线应力测试的影响，结果表明：在通常的sin^2ψ≤0．5的应力测试范围内，应力梯度对测试曲线有明显的影响，应力测试值因应力梯度的存在而偏离真实值，选择合适的靶材以减小X射线对铍材的穿透深度，可以减小应力测试的误差。
2002(2):152-155.
Abstract:
采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）技术，进行Ti-Ni-Nb形状记忆合金（SMA）的燃烧合成试验，研究了粉末粒度，纯度和加热温度对热爆燃烧合成的产物组织的影响，结果表明：纯度高的粉末，粒度细的铌粉和粒度适中的钛粉，有利于获得密度高和（Ti,Nb)2Ni等杂相少的产物，当温度尚达到热爆温度时，只能发生常规反应烧结，当达到热爆温度时，热爆的产物内存在着基体相（Ti,Nb)Ni，杂相（Ti,Nb)2Ni和由β－Nb(Ti,Ni)与基体（Ti,Nb)Ni形成的共晶相，在较高的热爆温度下，共晶相基本消失，基体晶粒粗化。
采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）技术，进行Ti-Ni-Nb形状记忆合金（SMA）的燃烧合成试验，研究了粉末粒度，纯度和加热温度对热爆燃烧合成的产物组织的影响，结果表明：纯度高的粉末，粒度细的铌粉和粒度适中的钛粉，有利于获得密度高和（Ti,Nb)2Ni等杂相少的产物，当温度尚达到热爆温度时，只能发生常规反应烧结，当达到热爆温度时，热爆的产物内存在着基体相（Ti,Nb)Ni，杂相（Ti,Nb)2Ni和由β－Nb(Ti,Ni)与基体（Ti,Nb)Ni形成的共晶相，在较高的热爆温度下，共晶相基本消失，基体晶粒粗化。
2002(2):156-159.
Abstract:
以2090铝锂合金为对象，研究了稀土元素Ce和预变形对其时效过程的影响，结果表明：微量Ce(0.11%),能显著弥散T1相，使T1相均匀，细小地析出，且在峰时效态表现明显，但Ce对δ′相的相变过程影响不大，预变形使合金位错密度增大，减小了T1相的形核功，从而促进了T1相和δ′相析出；微量稀土元素Ce(0.04%-0.14%)和预变形（3％－9％）配合使用可达到更好的综合性能效果。
以2090铝锂合金为对象，研究了稀土元素Ce和预变形对其时效过程的影响，结果表明：微量Ce(0.11%),能显著弥散T1相，使T1相均匀，细小地析出，且在峰时效态表现明显，但Ce对δ′相的相变过程影响不大，预变形使合金位错密度增大，减小了T1相的形核功，从而促进了T1相和δ′相析出；微量稀土元素Ce(0.04%-0.14%)和预变形（3％－9％）配合使用可达到更好的综合性能效果。
