Volume 0,Issue 1,2003 Table of Contents
2003(1):1-4.
Abstract:
The interface microstructure and su perhardness effect of W/Mo nano -mul tilayers have been studied.The W/Mo multilayers were synthesized with magnetron sputtering technique and their microstructure and hardness were characterized by XRD,TEM,HREM,and mi-croindenter,respectively.The results show that the W/Mo multilayers h ave a epitaxially grown mode and got polycrystal superlattices.With the decrease of modulation period of multilayers,the interplanar dista nces of Wand Mo layers are close to eac h other resulting from coherent strain on the interface,which produces an alternating stress field and s trengthens multilayers.
The interface microstructure and su perhardness effect of W/Mo nano -mul tilayers have been studied.The W/Mo multilayers were synthesized with magnetron sputtering technique and their microstructure and hardness were characterized by XRD,TEM,HREM,and mi-croindenter,respectively.The results show that the W/Mo multilayers h ave a epitaxially grown mode and got polycrystal superlattices.With the decrease of modulation period of multilayers,the interplanar dista nces of Wand Mo layers are close to eac h other resulting from coherent strain on the interface,which produces an alternating stress field and s trengthens multilayers.
2003(1):5-8.
Abstract:
发展正交结构的高压相β-TiO2可通过高能球磨锐钛矿TiO2而得到。高能机械球磨减小了颗粒尺寸，球磨40h后，发现样品存在2nm～4nm的类点状颗粒和10nm～35nm的类花瓣状颗粒。高能球磨改变了锐钛矿TiO2晶粒的晶格常数，该晶格畸变现象可能与晶界区行为相关。红外吸收峰随球磨而先“蓝移”后“红移”，该“蓝移”与“红移”与晶格常数a的变化紧密相关。另外发现随着球磨时间增长，TiO2的光催化效果变差。
发展正交结构的高压相β-TiO2可通过高能球磨锐钛矿TiO2而得到。高能机械球磨减小了颗粒尺寸，球磨40h后，发现样品存在2nm～4nm的类点状颗粒和10nm～35nm的类花瓣状颗粒。高能球磨改变了锐钛矿TiO2晶粒的晶格常数，该晶格畸变现象可能与晶界区行为相关。红外吸收峰随球磨而先“蓝移”后“红移”，该“蓝移”与“红移”与晶格常数a的变化紧密相关。另外发现随着球磨时间增长，TiO2的光催化效果变差。
2003(1):9-12.
Abstract:
Higher density pulsed current,whic h is considered as an external transient energy and an environmental appl ying work poured into a melt during solidification,is used to refine solidificati on structures of 2024Al -alloy with t he higher melting tem-perature in the present paper.Experimental results show that the solidi fication structure can be remarkabl y refined by the appli-cation of the higher density pulsed c urrent.A primary refinement mechan ism is discussed in detail and some new questions to be solved are also pointed out.
Higher density pulsed current,whic h is considered as an external transient energy and an environmental appl ying work poured into a melt during solidification,is used to refine solidificati on structures of 2024Al -alloy with t he higher melting tem-perature in the present paper.Experimental results show that the solidi fication structure can be remarkabl y refined by the appli-cation of the higher density pulsed c urrent.A primary refinement mechan ism is discussed in detail and some new questions to be solved are also pointed out.
2003(1):13-17.
Abstract:
The compound fraction of target surface was gotten from the rate equation s of sputtering and the transport equations of reactive particles .All of these equations are expressed by the constructional parameters of the chamber and macroscopic technology parameters.The calculating results from the TiN thin films deposited by reactive sputtering are well fit with the experim ental data.The methodes pro-vided in this paper will be benefit to the implementation of technology op timum as a new engineering methodes.
The compound fraction of target surface was gotten from the rate equation s of sputtering and the transport equations of reactive particles .All of these equations are expressed by the constructional parameters of the chamber and macroscopic technology parameters.The calculating results from the TiN thin films deposited by reactive sputtering are well fit with the experim ental data.The methodes pro-vided in this paper will be benefit to the implementation of technology op timum as a new engineering methodes.
2003(1):18-22.
Abstract:
铝铅轴承合金带与具有不同厚度化合物层的热浸铝钢板通过热轧成功实现复合。复合界面结构分析表明：复合过程中形成两种界面，热浸铝钢板与铝铅合金带通过化合物界面结合与缺口界面结合的机制而复合，阐述了热浸时间，化合物层厚度，缺口界面分数之间的关系以及对结合强度的影响，其中缺口界面分数是影响结合强度的主要因素，结合强度与缺口界面之间呈线性关系，缺口界面分数随化合物厚度的增加而增加，超过73μm，转为下降。
铝铅轴承合金带与具有不同厚度化合物层的热浸铝钢板通过热轧成功实现复合。复合界面结构分析表明：复合过程中形成两种界面，热浸铝钢板与铝铅合金带通过化合物界面结合与缺口界面结合的机制而复合，阐述了热浸时间，化合物层厚度，缺口界面分数之间的关系以及对结合强度的影响，其中缺口界面分数是影响结合强度的主要因素，结合强度与缺口界面之间呈线性关系，缺口界面分数随化合物厚度的增加而增加，超过73μm，转为下降。
2003(1):23-26.
Abstract:
The effect of stirring strength and t he cooling rate on the rheocast structure of a high chromium white iron were studied.The characteristics of the special low a ngle subgrain boundaries and agglom eration of subgrains were analyzed b y EPMA and EBSD technique.It was found that the cooling rate decid es the ratio of the stress on the dendr ite arm to the diameter of the dendrite root.A proper cooling rate favers the formation of dendrite arm s with big head and thin root and accelerates the breaking of the dendrite a rms.The clustered special subgrain boudaries are the boundaries between the stem and ripened dendr ite arms.The agglomerations of the s ubgrains were indeed evolved from the bent dendrite arms with big h ead and thin root.
The effect of stirring strength and t he cooling rate on the rheocast structure of a high chromium white iron were studied.The characteristics of the special low a ngle subgrain boundaries and agglom eration of subgrains were analyzed b y EPMA and EBSD technique.It was found that the cooling rate decid es the ratio of the stress on the dendr ite arm to the diameter of the dendrite root.A proper cooling rate favers the formation of dendrite arm s with big head and thin root and accelerates the breaking of the dendrite a rms.The clustered special subgrain boudaries are the boundaries between the stem and ripened dendr ite arms.The agglomerations of the s ubgrains were indeed evolved from the bent dendrite arms with big h ead and thin root.
2003(1):27-31.
Abstract:
分别用恒电位阶跃法，恒电流放电法和电化学阻抗法研究了不同荷电状态和不同温度下MlNi3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2贮氢合金电极中氢的扩散系数。并对各种方法的测试结果及其在实际应用中的优缺点进行了比较和讨论。测试结果表明，室温下MlN3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2贮气合金电极中氢的扩散系数随其荷电量的增大而减小，同一荷电状态的Ml-Ni3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2，贮氢合金电极中氢的扩散系数随温度的升高而增大，该电极中氢扩散的活化能为17.9kJ/mol～19.8kJ/mol。
分别用恒电位阶跃法，恒电流放电法和电化学阻抗法研究了不同荷电状态和不同温度下MlNi3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2贮氢合金电极中氢的扩散系数。并对各种方法的测试结果及其在实际应用中的优缺点进行了比较和讨论。测试结果表明，室温下MlN3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2贮气合金电极中氢的扩散系数随其荷电量的增大而减小，同一荷电状态的Ml-Ni3.75Co0.65Mn0.4Al0.2，贮氢合金电极中氢的扩散系数随温度的升高而增大，该电极中氢扩散的活化能为17.9kJ/mol～19.8kJ/mol。
2003(1):32-36.
Abstract:
The effect of a sputtered NiCrMoNb alloy coating on the oxidation resista nce of the intermetallic compound Ti Al was investigated.The bare TiAl alloy exhibited poor ox idation resistance at 1223K due to th e formation of a TiO 2 -base scale which tended to spall off.The NiCrMoNb alloy coating greatly impr oved the oxidation resistance due to the formation of an adherent,dense,and fine-grained Al 2 O 3 -rich scale.Furthermore,inter-diffusion of Ni,Cr,Mo,Nb was observed betwe en the coating and substrate.
The effect of a sputtered NiCrMoNb alloy coating on the oxidation resista nce of the intermetallic compound Ti Al was investigated.The bare TiAl alloy exhibited poor ox idation resistance at 1223K due to th e formation of a TiO 2 -base scale which tended to spall off.The NiCrMoNb alloy coating greatly impr oved the oxidation resistance due to the formation of an adherent,dense,and fine-grained Al 2 O 3 -rich scale.Furthermore,inter-diffusion of Ni,Cr,Mo,Nb was observed betwe en the coating and substrate.
2003(1):37-40.
Abstract:
采用硬度测试，金相显微观察和透射电镜分析等方法，研究了微量稀土Er对高纯铝再结晶行为的影响，结果表明，弥散分布的细小Al3Er质点对位错和亚晶界具有钉扎作用，可以有效抑制再结晶，将高纯铝的再结晶温度提高50左右，同时还能显著细化再结晶晶粒，再结晶形核机制是亚晶聚合和亚昌长大双重机制。
采用硬度测试，金相显微观察和透射电镜分析等方法，研究了微量稀土Er对高纯铝再结晶行为的影响，结果表明，弥散分布的细小Al3Er质点对位错和亚晶界具有钉扎作用，可以有效抑制再结晶，将高纯铝的再结晶温度提高50左右，同时还能显著细化再结晶晶粒，再结晶形核机制是亚晶聚合和亚昌长大双重机制。
2003(1):41-44.
Abstract:
The preparation of CuCr25(C)and CuCr25(W)alloys by vacuum inducing melting is presented in this paper.The influen ce of different alloy elements(C&W)on Cr-crystalline grain is studied.And the sequent effects on the physic al properties and breakdown voltage are also discussed.It is found that the mechanical strength and the voltage withstanding stress have been improved for the alloys with adding of C or W.
The preparation of CuCr25(C)and CuCr25(W)alloys by vacuum inducing melting is presented in this paper.The influen ce of different alloy elements(C&W)on Cr-crystalline grain is studied.And the sequent effects on the physic al properties and breakdown voltage are also discussed.It is found that the mechanical strength and the voltage withstanding stress have been improved for the alloys with adding of C or W.
2003(1):50-53.
Abstract:
采用草酸还原较高浓度HAuCl4溶液的方法，在PVP作保护的水溶液中，成功制备出了粒度平均为20nm～30nm且高度分散的金溶胶。分别讨论了金溶胶制备过程中的各主要影响因素，如：pH值，还原剂浓度，保护剂用量及其加入方式等对金粒度分布与形状的影响，研究表明，制备稳定的纳米金溶胶的较优条件为：适中搅拌，pH值为4～5,还原剂与溶液中金质量比3:1，PVP与金质量比为1:1，反应温度343K可制得粒度为20nm的金胶体。把HAuCl4加入PVP与Na2CO4的混合液中是较好的加入方式。
采用草酸还原较高浓度HAuCl4溶液的方法，在PVP作保护的水溶液中，成功制备出了粒度平均为20nm～30nm且高度分散的金溶胶。分别讨论了金溶胶制备过程中的各主要影响因素，如：pH值，还原剂浓度，保护剂用量及其加入方式等对金粒度分布与形状的影响，研究表明，制备稳定的纳米金溶胶的较优条件为：适中搅拌，pH值为4～5,还原剂与溶液中金质量比3:1，PVP与金质量比为1:1，反应温度343K可制得粒度为20nm的金胶体。把HAuCl4加入PVP与Na2CO4的混合液中是较好的加入方式。
2003(1):54-57.
Abstract:
介绍了陶瓷注射成型的1种新脱脂方法-超临界流体脱蜡。利用非极性分子有机物石蜡（PW）与极性分子有机物聚丙烯（PP）及少量硬脂酸（SA）组成有机粘合剂，在压力P=40MPa，温度T=58℃的超临界CO2流体中脱脂2h，石蜡萃取率大于80%，该方法可使陶瓷注射成型脱脂时间大大减少，脱脂过程缩短到通常脱脂的1/10。另外超临界流体脱蜡明显克服了传统热脱脂的变形，开裂等各种缺陷。
介绍了陶瓷注射成型的1种新脱脂方法-超临界流体脱蜡。利用非极性分子有机物石蜡（PW）与极性分子有机物聚丙烯（PP）及少量硬脂酸（SA）组成有机粘合剂，在压力P=40MPa，温度T=58℃的超临界CO2流体中脱脂2h，石蜡萃取率大于80%，该方法可使陶瓷注射成型脱脂时间大大减少，脱脂过程缩短到通常脱脂的1/10。另外超临界流体脱蜡明显克服了传统热脱脂的变形，开裂等各种缺陷。
2003(1):58-62.
Abstract:
The manufacture of carbonized La 2 O 3 -Mo cathodes for use in the 6T51tube,and their emission property were stu died.The study was based on current practice in the manufacturing of carbonized ThO 2 -W cathodes.Using similar techniqu es,carbonization of the La 2 O 3 -Mo cathode,evacuation of the carboniz ed La 2 O 3 -Mo cathode 6T51tube,and activatio n of the cathode were carried out.Mea surements taken on the6T51tube showed that the emission ab ility of the carbonized La 2 O 3 -Mo barely attained the lower limit o f clean W,let alone Th-W.Fur-thermore the emission is unstable an d the emission life can not be easily c ontrolled,possibly due to the consu mption of La and /or carbonized layer.
The manufacture of carbonized La 2 O 3 -Mo cathodes for use in the 6T51tube,and their emission property were stu died.The study was based on current practice in the manufacturing of carbonized ThO 2 -W cathodes.Using similar techniqu es,carbonization of the La 2 O 3 -Mo cathode,evacuation of the carboniz ed La 2 O 3 -Mo cathode 6T51tube,and activatio n of the cathode were carried out.Mea surements taken on the6T51tube showed that the emission ab ility of the carbonized La 2 O 3 -Mo barely attained the lower limit o f clean W,let alone Th-W.Fur-thermore the emission is unstable an d the emission life can not be easily c ontrolled,possibly due to the consu mption of La and /or carbonized layer.
2003(1):63-66.
Abstract:
The denitrogenation and desulphurization behavior during refining Ni-base superalloy in VIM by using CaO crucible was studied.It was found that the desulphurization process did not occur by only using Ca O crucible.Combining with the resul ts of XRD analysis,the desulphurization mechanism of CaO c rucible was proposed.The Al additio n had beneficial effect,and played a very important role on desulphurization.And the Ti addition had adverse effect on denitrogenation.It was a powerful measure to increase vacuum level for the denitrogenation process.
The denitrogenation and desulphurization behavior during refining Ni-base superalloy in VIM by using CaO crucible was studied.It was found that the desulphurization process did not occur by only using Ca O crucible.Combining with the resul ts of XRD analysis,the desulphurization mechanism of CaO c rucible was proposed.The Al additio n had beneficial effect,and played a very important role on desulphurization.And the Ti addition had adverse effect on denitrogenation.It was a powerful measure to increase vacuum level for the denitrogenation process.
2003(1):67-69.
Abstract:
用设计的循环Ar^ 轰击-磁控溅射离子镀法在U表面上镀Ti，并采用扫描电镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱仪和湿热加速腐蚀实验。研究了其表面，剖面形貌，镀层的组成与结构，膜基界面特征，以及耐湿热腐蚀性能。结果表明，U上循环Ar^ 轰击-磁控溅射离子镀Ti层结晶致密，晶粒细化，镀层由表及里分别由TiO2/TiO/Ti构成，镀层厚度≥4μm时，其试样的耐湿热腐蚀性能较之金属U来讲有较大程度的提高。
用设计的循环Ar^ 轰击-磁控溅射离子镀法在U表面上镀Ti，并采用扫描电镜（SEM），X射线光电子能谱仪和湿热加速腐蚀实验。研究了其表面，剖面形貌，镀层的组成与结构，膜基界面特征，以及耐湿热腐蚀性能。结果表明，U上循环Ar^ 轰击-磁控溅射离子镀Ti层结晶致密，晶粒细化，镀层由表及里分别由TiO2/TiO/Ti构成，镀层厚度≥4μm时，其试样的耐湿热腐蚀性能较之金属U来讲有较大程度的提高。
2003(1):70-72.
Abstract:
利用粉末烧结理论对比分析了机械合金化（MA）和高温自蔓延（SHS）合成的MoSi2粉末的烧结性能，并阐明了原因。结果表明，二者合成粉末的烧结性能存在较大差别。机械合金化法比高温自蔓延法至少降低了MoSi2的烧结温度的250℃，机械合金化MoSi2粉末细、晶粒缺陷密度大，具有较高的活性，其烧结表观活化能仅为高温自蔓延粉末的37%，起到了显著的机械活化烧结作用。实际中采用SHS 球磨的工艺有利于在较低烧结温度获得较致密的MoSi2材料。
利用粉末烧结理论对比分析了机械合金化（MA）和高温自蔓延（SHS）合成的MoSi2粉末的烧结性能，并阐明了原因。结果表明，二者合成粉末的烧结性能存在较大差别。机械合金化法比高温自蔓延法至少降低了MoSi2的烧结温度的250℃，机械合金化MoSi2粉末细、晶粒缺陷密度大，具有较高的活性，其烧结表观活化能仅为高温自蔓延粉末的37%，起到了显著的机械活化烧结作用。实际中采用SHS 球磨的工艺有利于在较低烧结温度获得较致密的MoSi2材料。
17 Pulsed Magnet System with Liquid Nitrogen Cooling for Direct Measurement of Magnetocaloric Effect
Tang Yongbo
,
Chen Yungui
,
Fu Hao
,
Teng Baohua
,
Li Huanxing
,
Wang Baomu
,
Xue Qinxiu
,
Tu Mingjing
2003(1):73-75.
Abstract:
The pulsed magnet described in this p aper operates at liquid nitrogen tem perature and is used for the direct me asurement of magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials.It uses a relatively small pulsed power supply(22kW).With pulsed duration of 1?2?3?4and 5seconds,respectively.The solenoid has a bore diameter of 20mm.The magn et system has operated steadily to 2.232T at 180A in ex-periments.The uniformity of magnetic field is better than 1%within 10mm of solenoid center.It is satisfied f or the testing of magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials.
The pulsed magnet described in this p aper operates at liquid nitrogen tem perature and is used for the direct me asurement of magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials.It uses a relatively small pulsed power supply(22kW).With pulsed duration of 1?2?3?4and 5seconds,respectively.The solenoid has a bore diameter of 20mm.The magn et system has operated steadily to 2.232T at 180A in ex-periments.The uniformity of magnetic field is better than 1%within 10mm of solenoid center.It is satisfied f or the testing of magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials.
2003(1):76-79.
Abstract:
拟定了利用石墨炉原子吸收测定铜合金、铝合金及碳素钢中微量钛的分析方法，操作简便，快速，灵敏度高，精密度好，从机理上探讨和用实验证明了用热解石墨涂层管比碳化锆涂层处理石墨管，碳化钽涂层处理石墨管，平台石墨管及标准石墨管测定钛时的灵敏度要高，比较了4种有机试剂对测定钛的效应，提高灰化温度可以消除Fe,Al,Cu的基体干扰，且不影响钛的测定。
拟定了利用石墨炉原子吸收测定铜合金、铝合金及碳素钢中微量钛的分析方法，操作简便，快速，灵敏度高，精密度好，从机理上探讨和用实验证明了用热解石墨涂层管比碳化锆涂层处理石墨管，碳化钽涂层处理石墨管，平台石墨管及标准石墨管测定钛时的灵敏度要高，比较了4种有机试剂对测定钛的效应，提高灰化温度可以消除Fe,Al,Cu的基体干扰，且不影响钛的测定。
