The basic concept of quantum properties of gold nanowire was presented in this paper. The research background and the present situation is introduced, and the mechanics of conductance by theory is analyzed. The research of the nanocontact of gold wire by STM and MCBJ is also introduced. The conductance of nanocontact of gold wire is quantum, and the quantum properties is under the influence of the electrical field, magnetic field and temperatures, et, al. On the base of experiment results, the unsolved scientific problems are pointed out and the future development direction of this field is predicted.