By means of split Hopkinson bar, the dynamic compression and dynamic shear tests on TC6 titanium alloy with different microstructures were carried out under the condition of high strain-rate loading; the specimens are cylindrical and hat-shaped, respectively. The adiabatic shearing sensitivities of the three kinds of typical microstructures of TC6 titanium alloy at different stress states were studied by mechanical response and micro-analysis. Results show that at the stress state of uniaxial compression, the descending order for the adiabatic shearing sensitivities of these typical microstructures are basketwave, equiaxed and duplex. And at the stress state of compression-shearing combination, their descending order is equiaxed, duplex and basketwave. The difference in the adiabatic shearing sensitivity is substantively the embodiment of plastic deforming ability of different microstructures at different stress states and spreading ability of adiabatic shear band in different microstructures.