The long persistent phosphors Sr3-xCaxAl2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+ (x=0, 1, 2, 3) were prepared by the high temperature solid state reaction. The structure, photoluminescence, afterglow and thermoluminescence properties were studied. The X-ray diffraction analyses show that all samples have a similar structure, which is cubic structure Sr3-xCaxAl2O6. Results indicate that Sr/Ca ratio has no influence on the phase structure, but luminescent properties change significantly with the Sr/Ca ratio. The initial intensity and attenuating speed of the afterglow are different in different samples. However, all decay curves conform to double exponential decay. Luminescent properties can be adjusted by Sr/Ca ratio. In addition, thermoluminescence of all samples was also recorded. It is found that the initial intensity of afterglow significantly decreased when there were two trap energies in the sample, which may be due to electron transfer between trap energies.