An experimental investigation was conducted with pressed pairs of aeroengine hot-end components structure material GH4169/K417 under different interface pressures (60~180 MPa) and surface roughness using the self-developed experimental apparatus to study the effect of interface pressure on thermal contact conductance (TCC). The testing results of TCC under the conditions with and without compensation heater were studied and compared. The results show that the thermal contact conductance experimental apparatus with compensation heater can effectively reduce the lateral heat loss. The effect of contact pressure on thermal contact conductance of specimens with different surface roughness is basically the same, and the specimens with bigger surface roughness have larger TCC values. The differences between these two conditions increase first and then decrease, which depends mostly on the engagement between the rough surfaces when the lay direction is parallel.