The effects of rolling temperature, deformation degree and heat treatment on the microstructure of Ti-1300 alloy were studied with an emphasis on the relationship between the heat processing technique and microscopic structure. The results show that Ti-1300 alloy with rolling temperature under β-transus temperature is composed of spherical α phase and equiaxed β phase, and α phase dissolves into β matrix with increasing of the rolling temperature. When the rolling temperature is increased to β-transus temperature or higher, the equiaxed β phase becomes the only dominant phase. The grains of Ti-1300 alloy with large deformation can be greatly refined, and the structure becomes homogeneous. After α+β phase region solution treatment, α phase with sphericity or strip shape precipitate in grain boundary and intergranular position and then disperse in metastable β matrix, and lead to dispersion strengthening and fine grain strengthening; however, the alloy after β phase region solution treatment is mainly composed of equiaxed β phase with the average grain size of about 60 μm. The Ti-1300 alloy after aging treatment is composed of strip αp phase, acicular αs phase and β matrix. There is few influence of the heat processing technique on the morphology parameters of αp phase in Ti-1300 alloy after aging treatment, but the morphology of αp and αs phase grow up with the aging temperature increasing. Acicular αs phase is dispersed on the β matrix.