Effects of laser peening and shot peening on residual stress fields performance of a GH742 superalloy were investigated. Compressive residual stresses in the surface layer were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction stress analyse tester. The characteristics of compressive residual stresses induce by these two kinds of surface enhancement processes were compared and the surface residual stress evlution was investigated under different high temperatures. The results show that both laser peening and shot peening can induce compressive residual stresses in surface layer, while the compressive residual stress layer is deeper for laser-peened specimens and the maximum residual compressive locate at surface; while for shot-peened specimens, the depth of compressive residual stress layer in thinner. Moreover, the maximum compressive residual stress moves from surface to subsurface with the increase of shot peening intensity.