The particularity of dual-phase material microstructure makes its micro deformation behavior more complex than single phase material, and the complexity is expressed in stress-strain partitioning and coordination behaviors between two component phases with different properties during the deformation. Moreover, the factors affecting the micro deformation behavior are of multi-scale, therefore it is difficult to conduct quantitatively study at present, and the stress-strain behavior of single phase which is the basis to study the micro deformation behavior of two-phase material is also the hotspot at present. The investigation progress in the stress-strain behavior of single phase is summarized in this paper, and the methods for single-phase stress-strain behavior are introduced. Then the research on micro deformation behavior of dual-phase material from three aspects, which are experiment research, theory analysis and numerical simulation based on finite element method are reviewed. Further more, the drawback of each method is analyzed simply. Finally, several unsolved problems regarding the micro deformation behavior of dual-phase material are proposed.