The composite adsorbent graphene oxide-chitosan (GO-CTS) was prepared successfully and characterized by FTIR spectra and SEM. The products were used to study the adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution. The solution pH, the adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial uranium concentration were investigated to estimate the adsorptive properties. The results show that for the uranium solution with initial concentration of 10 mg/L, the optimum adsorption conditions of GO and GO-CTS were pH of 4-7 and 5; the doses of 1.0 g/L and 1.0 g/L; adsorption balance time of <1 min and 70 min, and the maximum uranium removal rate of 99.5% and 97.5%, respectively.