Hot compression tests were carried out on TC17 titanium alloy by using thermal simulation testing machines, and the influence of different deformation parameters on the morphology and structure of TC17 titanium alloy with widmanstatten microstructure was characterized by Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results show that adiabatic shear bend (ASB) occurs in the TC17 alloy with widmanstatten microstructure while the hot compression deformation temperature is over 700℃, and the central region of ASB is mainly composed of equiaxed β-phase grains formed by dynamic re-crystallization and a small amount of α-phase. The residual α phase and also the β-phase grain size increase with increasing of the hot compression temperature. Different deformation parameters have little effect on the orientation distribution of β-phase in the central region of ASB, and Goss texture mainly forms in β-phase. Furthermore, the research shows that the TC17 titanium alloy with widmanstatten microstructure has good adiabatic shear sensitivity, and it increases gradually with the increase of the hot compression deformation temperature.