The porous metal structure represented by aluminum foam and metal lattice has wide application potential in the field of lightweight structural load due to its light weight, high strength (specific strength, specific stiffness, energy absorption rate) and multifunctional design. However, the low strength of foamed aluminum and the buckling failure of metal lattices have largely limited their engineering applications. In this paper, three kinds of double-layer metal lattice structures with different geometries are obtained by laser welding, and then a closed-cell aluminum foam is filled into the pores to obtain a new foam aluminum-filled double-layer lattice structure. The experimental and finite element simulation methods are used to study the bearing capacity, energy absorption characteristics, mechanism and deformation failure mode under quasi-static surface compression load. The results show that the filling of aluminum foam can effectively change the post-buckling behavior of the hollow lattice structure, improve the buckling stability of the lattice core unit, and have obvious coupling enhancement effect, which is manifested in the significant increase of bearing capacity and energy absorption efficiency.