Ta₂O₅ nanorod films doped with Cu^₂₊ were prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method on tantalum. XRD, SEM and XPS were used to analyze the phase and surface microstructure of the materials. The ion precipitation concentration of samples in normal saline was detected by ICP, and the antibacterial ability of Ta₂O₅ films with different content of copper was tested by plate counting method. The results showed that Ta₂O₅ nanorods with simple rhombic crystal structure were generated on the tantalum surface by two-step hydrothermal treatment, and the doping of Cu^₂₊ did not significantly affect the microstructure and phase of nanorods. With the increase of time, the precipitation rate of copper ions in copper-doped films gradually tends to be flat. The result of plate counting showed that when the doping amount of Cu^₂₊ reached 2.68At%, copper doped Ta₂O₅ nanorod films had the best antibacterial performance and the antibacterial rate reached 99.2%.