In order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of additive components, the heat treatment process of high strength wrought 2A50 aluminum alloy was studied. The effects of different heat treatment parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of additive samples were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and tensile test. The results show that the as deposited samples have obvious columnar dendrite structure. After heat treatment, the coarse columnar dendrites fracture, and the grains begin to spheroidize and form a uniformly distributed massive second phase at the grain boundary. Under the optimized heat treatment conditions (540 ℃ × 1 h+150 ℃ × 16 h), combined with the solid solution strengthening of solute elements and the precipitation strengthening of the second phase, the average values of yield strength, tensile strength and microhardness of the additive samples increased from 90.7 HV, 85 MPa and 207 MPa in the as deposited state to 137.2 HV, 245 MPa and 321 MPa after heat treatment, respectively.