Numerical simulation and experimental verification were used to study the atomization process of aluminum alloy powder by rotating disk, systematically study the spreading motion characteristics of melt on different disk surfaces, the breaking law of melt thin liquid film, and the flight cooling of droplets formed after crushing. The results showed that: The slip of liquid film on the surface of the spherical disk is smaller, the liquid film spreads more evenly, and the heat transfer of the disk is more stable. Under the same working conditions, the continuous liquid film boundary diameter of the spherical disk increases by about 40%, the maximum liquid film velocity increases by about 19%, the median diameter D50 of atomized droplets decreases by about 14%, and the droplet size distribution is more concentrated, the control of particle size and particle size distribution is more efficient.