The research status of the preparation technology of nano-structure on the surface of medical titanium and titanium alloy implants was reviewed. Mechanical processing methods such as sand blasting, micro-cutting and laser, physical methods such as plasma spraying and sputtering, chemical treatment methods such as acid etching, alkali heat treatment and anodic oxidation were introduced. Micro-nano structure was obtained on the surface of titanium and titanium alloy implants, and its influence on biocompatibility was summarized. At last, the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods were summarized, and the research trend of the preparation methods of medical titanium and titanium alloy implants was pointed out in combination with the existing problems in the study of the micro-nano structure on the surface of implants.