Hardness and strength are essential indicators of mechanical properties of metal materials, and there is a correction between them. By using room temperature stretching and Vickers tests, the relationship between Vickers hardness and strength was investigated. Via least square method, the correlation and regression equations of Vickers hardness and strength was established. The accuracy of linear regression equations was analyzed. Based on the regression equations of Vickers hardness and strength, the evolution of properties of pilgered Zr-4 tube was also investigated. Using rigid plastic exponential hardening with initial yield stress, the correlation and equation of deformation and strength was established. The results show that: there was an extremely strong positive correlation between Vickers hardness and strength of the Zr-4 cladding tube. The hardness, yield stress and tensile strength of Zr-4 tube increase with the increasing of deformation. Before pilgering, the Vickers hardness of tube is 169HV, and the Vickers hardness went up to 246HV after pilgering.